Neste texto pretende-se sintetizar os fundamentos a priori do principio da autonomia de Kant, decifrando o seu sentido e valor gnoseologicos desde a Critica da Razao Pratica ate aos Fundamentos da Metafisica dos Costumes.

O Kenkon bensetsu (Tratado e Crítica sobre a Terra e os Céus) é a primeira exposição sistemática sobre os princípios astronómicos e cosmológicos ocidentais que se encontra vertida para japonês. Este texto, composto no Japão por volta de 1650, pelo ex-jesuíta Cristovão Ferreira. consiste na versão japonesa de um Tratado de Esfera ocidental. com abundantes comentários e críticas por um erudito confucionista. No Kenkon bensetsu temos. assim, a circunstância rara de poder analisar, lado a lado, alguns conceitos fundamentais do pensamento (...) ocidental e o modo como foram recebidos pelo pensamento japonês do século XVII. Trata-se portanto de um documento de excepcional valor para se avaliar o intercâmbio cultural e científico entre a Europa e o Extremo Oriente nos séculos XVI-XVII, e é um dos testemunhos mais eloquentes e significativos da influência portuguesa no Japão. /// The Kenhon bensetsu (Treatise and Critic on Earth and Heavens) is the first systematic explanation of the astronomical and cosmological western principles that is translated to japanese. This text was composed in Japan about 1650 by the former Jesuit Cristóvão Ferreira, and is a japanese version of a western Sphere Treatise, including many commentaries and critics by a erudite confucionist. Thus, we have in Kenhon hensetsu the rare possibility to be able to analyse, side by side, both some fundamental concepts of western thought and the way they were received by the XVIIth century japanese thought. This is, therefore, a document of an exceptional relevance in order to evaluate both the scientific and the cultural interchange between Europe and the Far East during the XVIth and the XVIIth centuries. It is also one of the most important and significant testimonies of the portugues influence in Japan. (shrink)

Mit dem erstmals in einer zweisprachigen, umfangreich kommentierten Edition vorliegenden Liber de platano (1537) erschließt sich ein außergewöhnliches Zeugnis des portugiesischen Humanismus. Das aus einer Abhandlung sowie einem Briefwechsel zwischen dem Dichter João Rodrigues de Sá de Meneses und dem Rhetorikprofessor Juan Fernández bestehende Werk greift mit dem Platanenbaum ein Motiv auf, das durch Platons Phaidros und Ciceros De oratore popularisiert wurde: In beiden Texten finden philosophische Gespräche unter einer Platane statt. Allerdings wird der Baum im Liber de platano (...) zu einem mehrdeutigen Sinnbild. Zwar geht es durchaus um die botanische Frage nach dem Vorkommen der Platane im zeitgenössischen Portugal, doch erweist sich der Buam darüber hinaus auch als Inbild antiker Gesprächskultur und eines an der Antike orientierten genussvollen Lebensstils. In der einleitenden Studie stellt Roger Friedlein neben einer Einführung in den Text die Autoren sowie weitere Humanisten - Miguel da Silva, Jorge Coelho und Luís Teixeira - vor, die einerseits durch ihre Präsenz im Liber de platano von Bedeutung sind. Doch vor dem Hitergund ihrer Aufenthalte in Italien und ihrer Kontakte zu herausragenden Vertretern der italienischen Renaissance wie Pietro Bembo erscheint der Liber de platano zudem als zentrales Zeugnis für den portugiesisch-italienischen Kulturkontakt. (shrink)

This paper tries to synthesize the a priori foundations of Kant’s autonomy principle, deciphering its sense and epistemic value, from the Critique of Practical Reason to the Foundations of Metaphysics of Customs.

Este trabalho se refere a um relato de experiência sobre a concepção do docente da educação básica a respeito da existência do bullying no ambiente escolar, especialmente, no que concerne ao aluno em situação de inclusão. Para isso, foram realizadas seis questões a um(a) professor(a) de Língua Portuguesa de uma escola pública municipal de Campo Grande-MS, sendo uma, exclusivamente, sobre a ocorrência de bullying contra aluno em situação de inclusão.

Despite the importance of the “historiographical revolution” in Kuhn’s work, he did not carry out a specific study about it. Without a systematic investigation into it, he even affirms that the “old” historiography of science (OHS) is unhistorical, suggesting its summary disqualification in the face of his “new historiography” of science (NHS). My wider project, of which this paper is a part, is to better discuss the issue of the justification of the NHS. In this paper, I discuss the justification (...) (and the genesis) of the OHS, focusing on Condorcet and Comte and resorting especially to Koyré. This will allow us to understand that the relation between the OHS and the NHS is a new instance of inter-theoretical incommensurability. And, indeed, that the NHS is not stricto senso a new historiography. It is the same historiography used for other disciplines (art, philosophy), which in the twentieth century begins to be applied to science as well. (shrink)

Normal 0 21 false false false ES-CO X-NONE X-NONE Procura-se com este artigo a posição da ética em relação com a análise lógica, no âmbito do “Circulo de Viena”, pelo pensamento de R. Carnap. Existem condições para determinar a aplicação do principio da verificabilidade, pela filosofia da linguagem, seguindo o pensamento de R. Carnap. Aqui serão apresentadas as lógicas deônticas, em orden á fundamentação lógica da Bioética, como forma de globalização lingüística da mesma.

A partir do texto Metaphysische Anfansgründe der Naturwissenschaft faremos uma apresentaçãosobre estes dois conceitos fundamentais da Filosofia da Natureza, no sentido de apresentar uma crítica de acordo com a física moderna.

O chamado fenómeno emocional encontra-se presente no domínio da Humanização em Saúde, onde há uma relação entre os valores e a sua fenomenologia, que é fundamental para a humanização. Na humanização aparece a relação entre as ideais clínicas, e não só, com os seus e outros valores.

Normal 0 21 false false false ES-CO X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} This paper focuses on Max Scheler`s idea of person and its meaning in terms of values organized according categories. The work of Scheler on ethics expands the solidarity of the person as cordis ordo by the construction (...) of a hierarchical system of values. Therefore, the recognition of the realm of universal values, a sector of which forms the ethos of a given age, has to be supplemented by that of the order of the time with its individual values and claims. There are many lectures of values in axiological philosophy, as we explain in this paper according to material-values ethics, and they are very important in the revelation of the Other. (shrink)

In this paper I identify a tension between the two sets of works by Kuhn regarding the genesis of the “new historiography” of science. In the first, it could be said that the change from the traditional to the new historiography is strictly endogenous. In the second, the change is predominantly exogenous. To address this question, I draw on a text that is considered to be less important among Kuhn’s works, but which, as shall be argued, allows some contact between (...) Kuhn’s two approaches via Koyré. I seek to point out and differentiate the roles of Koyré and Kuhn – from Kuhn’s point of view – in the development of the historiography of science and, as a complement, present some reflections regarding the justification of the new historiography. (shrink)

Organisations are increasingly transforming themselves to remain profitable and obtain sustainable competitive advantages. Business processes are as important as technology in promoting organisational transformation. Organisational transformation ultimately entails combining existing business components, whether or not with the same use and design, with new ones to generate novel products and services. For example, one particular type of organisation transformation is digital transformation. This notion, which covers even the subjective aspects of organisational transformation, is currently under intensive discussion and suffers from the (...) semantics terms fluctuation related to the notion of ‘organisational transformation’. We argue that this topic could strongly benefit from an ontological analysis and conceptual clarification of these notions. This paper contributes with an attempt in this direction by proposing a Core Ontology of Organisational Transformation (COOT). This ontology comprises concepts and relations central to creating a reference model representing the organisational transformation paradigm. COOT was applied in a real-world case study on a car rental company. (shrink)

Drawing on the views of donors and recipients about anonymity in a country that is experiencing a transition towards non-anonymous gamete donation mandated by the Constitutional Court, we explore how the intersection between rights-based approaches and an empirical framework enhances recommendations for ethical policy and healthcare. Between July 2017 and April 2018, 69 donors and 147 recipients, recruited at the Portuguese Public Bank of Gametes, participated in this cross-sectional study. Position towards anonymity was assessed through an open-ended question in a (...) self-report questionnaire, which was subject to content analysis. Preference for an anonymous donation regime was mentioned by 82.6% of donors and 89.8% of recipients; and all those with children. Instead of the rights-based reasoning used by the Constitutional Court, donors highlighted concerns over future relationships and recipients focused on socioethical values linked with the safeguard of safety, privacy and confidentiality. The remaining participants advocated the choice between anonymity or non-anonymity, invoking respect for their autonomy. The complex, diverse ethical views and reasoning of donors and recipients expand a traditionally dichotomous discussion. Their perspectives challenge the transition towards non-anonymity and international guidelines, raising awareness to the need for their involvement in the design of policies to enable choice according to their values and preferences, and of psychosocial counselling responsive to their socioethical concerns and sensitive to their parental status. Empirical frameworks complement rights-based approaches to uphold justice, fairness and equal respect, and to incorporate utility, beneficence and non-maleficence in policymaking and healthcare in the transition towards non-anonymity. (shrink)

The movement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) research from universities to big corporations has had a significant impact on the development of the field. In the past, AI research was primarily conducted in academic institutions, which foster a culture of peer reviewing and collaboration to enhance quality improvements. The growing interest in AI among corporations, especially regarding Machine Learning (ML) technology, has shifted the focus of research from quality to quantity. Corporations have the resources to invest in large-scale ML projects and (...) they are often more interested in fast results than in ensuring that AI algorithms are reliable and safe. This paper proposes that the description of a Darwinian process made by the mathematician and physicist Freeman Dyson can be used to understand the implications of ML research scenario. The context of the Darwinian process—or lack thereof—can be used to draw a parallel between historical and current implications of technology expansion strongly driven by economic interests, making clear the consequences of shifting AI research from academia to industry. Finally, this paper indicates future directions for AI research to create a healthier environment for the evolution of ML technology. (shrink)